Replacement theology. It is widely adhered to in Reformed circles; it simply advocates that the nation of Israel has been abolished and Israel's promises have been transferred to a new entity known as "the Church", which Elohim is exclusively working through. Any promises of a physical restoration of people to the Holy Land, is to be simply allegorized away as a sign of spiritual bounty. 

In contrast, dispensationalism believes that Israel's promises are still valid, but that Israel has been temporarily put aside because of the Jew's wide scale rejection of Yeshua, and that right now God is working through the Church. When the Church has been raptured to Heaven it is said, then God will once again deal with the nation of Israel.

The offerings of the Old Covenant. They consist of five major offerings:
1. Burnt offering
2. Meal offering
3. Peace offering
4. Sin offering
5. Trespass offering

The first three are voluntary and the last two are mandatory. It is not an option. If we took care of the first three but forgot the last two, the offerings are not acceptable before the Lord. 

​Yeshua is the fulfilment of all the five offerings. 
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Grace. In any western dictionary, grace is often defined simply as "unmerited favor". It is the receipt of something in which you did nothing to earn. In Christian language, God's grace is simply God extending His "unmerited favor" on His undeserving people.

According to the meaning of the Hebrew letters, grace (Hanan) shows that we would be outside and divided from Elohim if it weren't for the son, who provides the entrance to Salvation.

The Hebrew word for faith it is the Hebrew word emunah. It means "firmness, fidelity, faithfulness, stability, steady, truly, verily."

Torah. This world literally means "instruction" or "teaching" in Hebrew and is often translated as Torah/Law. It specifically refers to the first five books of the Old Testament, also known as the Pentateuch or Mosaic Torah/Law.

Oral Torah/Law. These are extra Torah/Laws that were set in place by the Pharisees after the return from the Babylonian exile to prevent Israel from going into exile once again. They functioned as a fence to prevent Israel from disobeying the Torah.
These laws were by nature more restrictive than the Torah. The idea was that if these were not disobeyed, then Torah would not be disobeyed. Initially given orally, they were later written down and collected in the Talmud.
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Separateness began to be deeply rooted in the Jews' national consciousness, we see this attitude reflected in such passages as in Jubilees 22:16
Separate yourself from the Gentiles, and do not eat with then.=, and do not perform deeds like theirs. And do not become associates of their. Because their deeds are defiles, and all of their ways are contained, and despicable, and abominable.
This reference to this passage is not found in the written Torah, or in the Bible, but rather is an added man-made rule designed to separate the Jews from the Gentiles. Later, this admonition became a law under the Oral torah of the Rabbis.